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Africa’s Nobel Laureates

Eighteen of the seven hundred and eighty-nine Nobel Prizes awarded since 1903 have gone to Africans, black and white. Some are household names, others known within their fields of achievement. How many can you name? Mandela may come easily to mind, but some of the others may not. This list, with entries beginning with the most recent awards, will refresh your memory.

The Nobel Peace Prize

2005 Mohamad ElBaradei.

Cairo-born ElBaradei is Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). He was awarded the Peace Prize jointly with the IAEA for his contributions to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

2004 Wangari Maathai

A Kenyan environmentalist, educated in the United States, she received the prize for contributions to sustainable development, democracy and peace. She is the first African female winner of a Nobel Peace Prize.

2001 Kofi Annan

A Ghanaian, Annan won the award for his work as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations (1997-2007).

1993 Nelson Mandela and F.W. De Klerk.

For their role in dismantling apartheid and steering South Africa toward democracy, the 1993 Peace Prize was awarded to Mandela and outgoing president, De Klerk.

1984 Desmond Tutu.

Desmond Tutu was South Africa’s first black Anglican bishop and remains a tireless fighter for democracy and humanitarian causes.

1978 Anwar Sadat.

Sadat, Egypt’s third president, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, brokered with Menachem Begin of Israel. It aroused hostility against Sadat in some quarters and he was assassinated in 1981.

1960 Albert Luthuli.

This Zulu activist and president of South Africa’s National Congress was awarded the prize for his role in non-violent opposition to apartheid.

The Nobel Prize for Literature

2007 Doris Lessing.

Though born in Iran, Lessing came to fame with novels inspired by her childhood and young adulthood in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Her debut novel, The Grass is Singing (1950), launched her career, while The Golden Notebook (1962) confirmed her as a literary giant.

2002 J. M. Coetzee.

Coetzee is a celebrated South African novelist and literary critic and twice winner of the Booker Prize. His forthcoming autobiographical work Summertime is a frontrunner for the same prize in 2009.

1991 Nadine Gordimer.

Like Coetzee, Gordimer is South African novelist who was an outspoken critic of apartheid and has been a long-time supporter of the African National Congress.

1988 Naguib Mahfouz.

Mahfouz, who died in 2006, was an Egyptian novelist, writing in Arabic. He is remembered especially for his Cairo Trilogy (1956-7).

1985 Wole Soyinka.

A Nigerian novelist, poet and playwright, Soyinka was the first African to receive the Nobel literature prize. He is known for his trenchant criticism of tyrannical regimes, including that of Abacha in Nigeria.

1957 Albert Camus.

A French-Algerian writer, Camus was the first African-born recipient of the Nobel award for literature. He is known especially for his works The Stranger (1942) and The Plague (1947).

Nobel Prizes for Science and Medicine

2003 Sydney Brenner

Brenner is a South African molecular biologist who shared the 2003 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with US and British colleagues.

1999 Ahmed Zewail.

Zewail is an Egyptian-born chemist, honoured by the Nobel Committee for his work on femtochemistry. He is to participate in Barack Obama’s Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).

1997 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.

Cohen-Tannoudji is a French-Algerian physicist, awarded the Nobel Physics Prize for his work on laser trapping and cooling of atoms.

1960 Allan Cormack

Cormack, who died in 1998, was a South-African born physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with a British colleague. The prize was awarded for their work in developing the CT scanner.

1951 Max Theiler.

Theiler was a South African-born scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing a vaccine for yellow fever. He died in 1972.



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